Paradigms - Defined, Illustrated, and Applied

The definition of insanity is doing the same thingdrawing of the horse have a tail? Remember, I
over and over and expecting different results. -told you to draw only what you see."
Benjamin FranklinI questioned the teacher afterward. She explained
I have always loved this quote! It delivers such athe student was NOT drawing what he saw but
powerful message in one simple sentence. Therather what he believed the horse looked like.
delivery is so simple, humorous, and in a contextSimplistically, the drawing exercise was designed
we all can identify with. Interestingly, I think mostas a tool for the child to discover a new way of
people get the literal meaning but miss it on aobserving the horse to draw the picture more
deeper level. As a coach I would refine it to read:accurately. Without the discovery, any drawing
The definition of insanity is using the samewould be consistently inaccurate. Put differently,
paradigm over and over and expecting differentthe child needed to change his mental model of a
results.horse to draw it accurately. In this instance, the
A paradigm is a set of beliefs, assumptions,teacher was shifting the child's paradigm.
concepts, values, and practices that constitutes aChildren are constantly learning and discovering
way of viewing reality for the community thatnew paradigms. As we become older, the learning
shares them, especially in an intellectual discipline. Aprocess slows down and we become dependent
paradigm shift is when you change to anotheron old or inherited paradigms without even
pattern (i.e., paradigm shift), and form a newrealizing it. Attachment to these inaccurate or
underlying structure for viewing the past, present,inherited paradigms can resemble insanity. I'd like
or future.to illustrate by sharing an excerpt from a previous
I like to think of a paradigm as a mental model.newsletter on modalities:
Individually and culturally, we build them toStacy had no conscious knowledge that her
accelerate learning, communications, and ourmodality was verbal processor (i.e., she thinks out
interaction with the world. In many respects theyloud). She needs to say her thoughts out loud for
serve us well, so well, in fact, that we have comethem to register. For example, Stacy has lost
to rely on them. As a coach, I find most peopledays, and sometimes weeks, searching for
are so dependent on them they are oblivious tomisplaced keys. Now, she simply tells her daughter
them, even when existing paradigms are the verywhere she puts the keys upon her arrival home,
obstacle getting in their way.which is enough for her to remember where they
I'd like to share an experience to illustrate aare when she needs them. Imagine the relief in
paradigm through the innocent eyes of a child.learning that all she has to do is "say it to
I once witnessed an art teacher teaching aremember it." Stacy has used this modality to
first-grade class how to draw. A picture of justrevolutionize her life.
the front of a horse was posted in the front ofPrior to coaching, Stacey unknowingly was
the classroom. In other words, you could NOTdependent on a conventional wisdom paradigm
see the south end of the northbound horse. Thethat she just had to put her keys in the same
art teacher walked around the room, repeating toplace every time she walked into the house.
the students, "Look at the picture and draw onlyUnconsciously, she repeatedly attempted to
what you can see." Sounds simple, right?resolve her struggles using the same paradigm by
After some time had passed, the art teachertrying various locations and reminders in an
approached one of the students. She asked him,attempt to condition herself to conform to
"Are you drawing just what you see?"dominate cultural paradigms. Failing repeatedly and
"Yes," the student replied.questioning her sanity, she came to coaching.
"Are you sure?" she asked.Success and sanity returned the moment Stacy
Again the student answered, "Yes."let go of her grip on her old paradigm in favor of
The teacher asked, "Can you see the tail of thea new paradigm that more accurately reflected
horse?"how she naturally does things.
The student was silent for a moment and thenLike the art student finding success in drawing
said, "No."what he actually saw, Stacy's success was based
The teacher asked, "Then why does youron observing how she naturally worked.